A small 2023 study notes that rumination in people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may result from an overlap between depression and ADHD symptoms.

The authors of the study highlighted that ”wandering thoughts“ is a typical symptom of ADHD in adulthood. People may also refer to this symptom as mental restlessness. The study authors also highlighted that ADHD often co-occursTrusted Source with other conditions, including anxiety and depression.

They found that there was a significant positive correlation between the following scores:

  • ADHD symptoms
  • rumination
  • excessive mind wandering
  • anxiety
  • depression

However, there was a negative correlation between the above factors and mindfulness.

The study authors concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy strategies may help improve excessive mind wandering and rumination in people with ADHD.

A 2025 study on Japanese adultsTrusted Source suggests that self-reflection may help treat depressive symptoms in adults with ADHD traits by relieving self-rumination. Self-reflection involves a person thinking about their own thoughts, feelings, and behavior, which may help them better understand themselves.

If a person is experiencing rumination that is difficult to manage or interferes with their daily life, they should speak with a healthcare professional. A doctor may recommend treatments to help manage both ADHD and depression symptoms, such as psychotherapy and medications.